A sewer vacuum truck is a specialized vehicle designed for cleaning liquid and solid contaminants from roads and other surfaces. Its main components include a vacuum pump, storage tank, suction inlet, discharge outlet, liquid level gauge, filter, and control system. The working principle involves using a vacuum pump or pressure pump to draw sewage or waste into the internal storage tank of the vehicle, which is then transported to designated treatment facilities for processing.
Negative Pressure Suction Principle:
The sewer vacuum truck is equipped with a powerful vacuum pump, typically driven by the engine. The vacuum pump draws in a large volume of air through the suction device, creating a negative pressure zone. When the suction head comes into contact with the waste, the negative pressure forces the waste into the storage tank of the truck.
Hydraulic Propulsion Principle:
The sewer vacuum truck is often equipped with a high-pressure water pump and a water gun. The high-pressure water pump, powered by the engine or a separate power source, generates a high-pressure water stream. The water gun sprays this high-pressure stream onto the surface to be cleaned, flushing out the waste, which is then suctioned into the storage tank by the vacuum pump.
Separation Treatment Principle:
The sewer vacuum truck is designed with a separator in the storage tank to divide liquid and solid waste. Liquid waste is discharged through drainage outlets, while solid waste remains in the storage tank. To further treat liquid waste, the truck is also equipped with screens and filters that purify and filter the waste during the discharge process.
Control System Principle:
The operator controls the movement and waste-suction operations of the sewer vacuum truck through a control system. This system typically includes a control panel, hydraulic system, electrical system, and other components, enabling various functions such as starting and stopping the vacuum pump, and regulating the water pressure of the water pump and water gun.
Through the coordinated operation of these principles, the sewer vacuum truck efficiently absorbs and removes various types of waste from surfaces, including chemical liquids, sludge, residues, and garbage. This makes the sewer vacuum truck an essential tool in urban sanitation, construction site cleaning, and road maintenance, ensuring environmental cleanliness and hygiene.
