The core operational capability of a rear loader garbage truck relies on a hydraulic compression system to achieve fully automated feeding, compression, storage, and unloading. The hydraulic system directly determines the vehicle's compression efficiency, loading capacity, operational stability, and service life, making it a key evaluation indicator when purchasing equipment.
This article provides a simplified breakdown of its structural principles, operating procedures, core advantages, and common faults, facilitating a quick understanding of the equipment's core performance.
Main Components Of A Hydraulic Compression System
The entire hydraulic system consists of four core modules, with each component linked and interlocked to achieve automated closed-loop operation. It has a simple structure and a low failure rate.
1. Hydraulic Oil Pump
By taking power from the chassis power take off, mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy, providing stable high pressure power for all hydraulic actions of the vehicle.
2. Multi-way Valve
The hydraulic system's central control unit precisely switches oil circuits, distributes oil pressure, and controls the orderly movement of each cylinder, supporting both manual and wireless remote control operation modes.
3. key Actuator Hydraulic Cylinder
- Lifting Cylinder: Automatically raises, lowers, and tilts the trash can, enabling unmanned chemical feeding.
- Compression Cylinder: Drives the scraper to reciprocate and compress loose trash, increasing loading capacity.
- Pusher Cylinder: Pushes the trash inside the bin as a whole, achieving one button fully automatic unloading.
- Tailgate Locking Cylinder: Fully seals and locks the tailgate, preventing leakage, odors, and trash falling out.
4. Auxiliary Protective Accessories
It includes hydraulic oil tank, high pressure oil pipe, filter element, relief valve, seals, etc., and is responsible for system pressure stabilization, filtration, overload protection, leakage prevention, and ensuring long term stable operation of the equipment.
How A Hydraulic Compression System Works
1. Automatic Lifting And Feeding
Once the equipment is in place, the hydraulic system is activated, and the lifting mechanism automatically tilts the garbage bin to feed various types of garbage into the feeding hopper. After feeding is completed, it automatically resets.
2. Reciprocating Hydraulic Compression
The compression cylinder drives the scraper to circulate and compress the waste, pressing the loose material into the container. As the waste accumulates, the internal pusher plate adaptively retracts, and the system compresses at constant pressure, squeezing out air and moisture. The equipment compression ratio can reach 3:1 to 4:1, significantly reducing the number of transfer trips.
3. Hydraulic Locking Seal Transport
When fully loaded, the tailgate cylinder locks and seals, and the hydraulic system stabilizes and locks, ensuring no loosening or sewage leakage during operation, achieving fully enclosed and environmentally friendly transportation.
4. Fully Automatic Hydraulic Unloading
Upon arrival at the unloading point, the system automatically unlocks the tailgate, the push plate cylinder moves forward as a whole, and the garbage is quickly unloaded in one go. Then all structures are reset and the next round of operation begins.
Core Advantages Of Hydraulic Compression Systems
| Advantages | Explanation |
| Overload Anti-jamming Protection | Automatic pressure relief upon encountering a hard object causing blockage, protecting the hydraulic cylinder and frame from damage |
| Regulated Voltage, Energy Saving, Durable | Excellent sealing performance, stable oil pressure with minimal internal leakage, and lower operating oil consumption |
| Oil Circuit Safety Interlock | The compression and door opening actions are interlocked to prevent accidents caused by misoperation |
| Environmentally Friendly and Leak-proof | Compacted separation of kitchen waste leachate, fully sealed tank, no dripping or odor |
Common Faults and Maintenance
| Common Faults | Reasons | How to Solve |
| Compression Powerless | Low hydraulic oil, clogged filter, internal leakage of oil seal, low pressure | Add oil; replace filter elements on schedule; inspect oil seals and calibrate oil pressure |
| Slow Hydraulic Cylinder Movement | Oil circuit blockage, oil pump wear, pressure regulating valve malfunction | Unblock pipelines; overhaul oil pump; adjust overflow valve pressure |
| Oil Leak And Pressure Relief During Vehicle Operation | Damaged check valve, aged tailgate cylinder seals | Replace the check valve; regularly inspect and replace the seals |
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What causes reduced compression force?
A: Most likely due to insufficient hydraulic oil, clogged filter, or aging seals causing pressure loss. Adding oil or replacing the filter should resolve the issue.
Q: What to do if the hydraulic cylinder moves slowly during operation?
A: Check the oil circuit for blockages, the hydraulic pump's operating condition, and the system pressure setting. Repair and adjust as needed.
Q: How to resolve oil leaks or pressure drops during operation?
A: Most likely due to a faulty check valve or aging tailgate cylinder seals. Replacing the seals will solve the problem.
Q: How often should the hydraulic system be maintained?
A: Regularly changing the hydraulic oil and filter, and routinely inspecting pipe joints and seals will ensure long term stable operation.
Conclusion
The hydraulic compression system is the core competitive advantage of a rear loader garbage truck. Its pressure stability, safety features, and operational rationality directly determine the collection efficiency, maintenance costs, and equipment durability. When purchasing equipment, do not only look at the container volume; pay close attention to the hydraulic system configuration and protective design.
